伏見人形とだるま ― 人形散歩
This story takes us back to the Momoyama period to Southern Kyoto (Rakunan
落南), where the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi had build his famous Fushimi
Castle to spend his old age there. The castle was later destroyed, but
the Great Shrine of Fushimi retains its presence in the area. Let us look
at the shrine first to get an impression.
The "Great Fox Shrine" at Fushimi (伏見稲荷大社) was founded
in the 8th century. The Fox cult, with over 40,000 shrines across Japan,
has become associated with financial success, and the hillside behind
the shrine is lined with thousands of vermilion Torii gates and figures
of foxes donated by business people and devotees. The shrine is famous
for these myriad Torii, large vermilion lacquered post and lintel structures.
They wind their way through the hills of Inari Mountain, forming a hallway
through which the surrounding forests may be glimpsed.
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The five shrine buildings in the precincts are actually devoted to five deities of the Shinto religion, including the Godess of Rice and Food and her messenger, the FOX, called Inari 稲荷. The central structure, beautifully roofed with cypress bark, dates from 1949, but its architectural style is characteristic of the late Muromachi period.
Look at the official HP of the shrine in Japanese, with classical Japanese
music.
http://inari.jp/
Next you can see the walk around the large precincts. The Inari Mountain
is really huge and you can easily get lost in the woods, still wandering
under red Torii all the while. Take some time for your hike in this area,
it has a wonderful feeling to it and you would not be surprised if a little
fox was coming out of the woods to give you some enchanted Rice cake and
a cup of tea.
Click on any of the red buttons on the right to see the different sites
in the precincts.
http://inari.jp/e_taishamp/index.html
On the following HP you can look at some of the yearly events and festivals
of the Shirne.
http://inari.jp/c_sairei/c01.html
Here are the impressions of another wanderer in these woods.
http://teams.lacoe.edu/japan/inari.html
Look at a rich collection of pictures of the area.
写真がいっぱいあるHPです。
http://www.reggie.net/album.php?albid=626
Fushimi Clay Dolls, Fushimi Tsuchiningyoo 伏見土人形
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The origin of all clay dolls in Japan is believed to be the "Fushimi
Clay Dolls", painted dolls made of unglazed pottery that were sold in
front of the gate to Kyoto's Fushimi Inari Shrine around the 16th century,
starting at the end of the Momoyama period. They are also called called
Fukakusa Dolls or Inari Dolls.
There are some theories about who started to make them. Some say it was
Sachiemon, the doll maker in Fukakusa, who started doll-making after the
Sekigahara War. Others say it was Fusajiroo Tsujii or Gonbei, a salt maker.
Or the producers of roof tiles for Fushimi Castle turned to doll making
after the castle was finished. There are still many roof tile makers in
the area of Fukakusa.
There are various types of dolls: some are painted in brilliant colors,
others are finished in lighter colors to allow the character of the clay
to show through, and still others are finished by glost-firing or twice-firing.
The many different varieties include traditional dolls that reflect the
court customs of ancient Japan, new style dolls that capture the joyful
expressions of small children, dolls that celebrate seasonal festivals,
animals that represent the years of the Chinese calendar, and earthenware
bells.
Today clay dolls are made in about 300 locations all over Japan, but all
find their ancestors in Fushimi. There will be a separate story about
Clay Dolls and Daruma.
There used to be about 20 kilns around Fushimi to produce these dolls
but nowadays there are only two shops that make and sell these dolls along
with other dolls and Shrine paraphanalia along the access road to the
great Fushimi Shrine, the Tanka and the Hishiya shop 丹嘉と菱家,
but only the Tanka shop has its old roots in the Fushimi area. Nowadays
Mr. Onishi Shigetaro and his son Tokio (Oonishi Shigetaroo, 大西重太郎と時夫)
produce these famous dolls and they still have more than 2000 different
forms.
The shop of the Hishiya family used to be right behind the Tanka shop,
but they have moved on to a suburb of Uji City; the late Mr. Heijiroo
Ueda and his daughter Masako（上田平次郎と昌子）produce the dolls. But
Mrs. Masako Ueda is getting old and produces only a few nowadays, sold
at some local stores at the entrance to the Fushimi Shrine.
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 Mr. Onishi |
丹嘉 京都市東山区本町22-504....TEL:075-561-1627 大西重太郎、時夫
菱屋 宇治市五ケ庄西河原21-21....TEL:0774-33-2721 上田昌子
http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/fureaika/sosyoku/index_02e.html
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~SA9S-HND/agal-945-1.html
You find more information about the Fushimi District on this HP.
伏見地方の情報がたくさんあるHPです。
http://www.kyokyo-u.ac.jp/FUZOKU/MOMOSYO/husimi-e/husimi-e.htm
大西さんについてのHPです。
“一休禅師の歌に「西行も牛もお山も何もかも土に化けたる伏見街道」というのがあって、一休さんは500年くらい前の人だから、そのぐらいにはもう伏見人形はあったんでしょうね。”
http://www.j-kyoto.ne.jp/j_kyoto/koe/32go/32-a/32a.html
http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/sankou/onisi.htm
Let us look at some typical Fushimi dolls.
伏見土人形をすこし見ましょう。
This HP shows a picture of seven Fushimi dolls in the form of Hotei, one
of the Seven Gods of Good Luck and has the following story:
"A man named Ikaruga Koo'emon resided in Fukakusa sometime after the Battle
of Sekigahara, and it is said that he was the first to make these kinds
of dolls. Therefore, dolls that have antique characteristics and the occasional
doll with an inscription dating it to the Eiroku era (1558-1569) are often
attributed to Koo'emon of Fushimi. I once heard the following story from
my elders. When people who purchase a Fushimi doll on the First Day of
the Horse meet with bad luck, they should break the doll at a riverbed.
If they do not meet with bad luck, they begin to collect dolls one by
one each year. Once they have collected seven figures, they dedicate them
to an Inari Shrine in appreciation of the seven years of uneventful peace.
Then, they start purchasing dolls all over again."
布袋さんの人形です。
http://winkiosk.dascorp.com/Obj152$1420*74066
Child eating Rice Cakes、Manjuu-kui ningyoo 饅頭喰い人形
Once a child was asked whom it liked more, his father or his mother. The
clever child took a round rice cake, parted it in two and showed it to
the person questioning him: "Which rice cake tasts better?"
the child asked. So with respect to this story these Fushimi dolls are
bought with the wish that one's own child would grow up as clever as the
child in our story.
饅頭喰い人形は、あるとき、子供に父が好きか母が好きかと問うたところ、持っていた饅頭を二つに割って、どちらが美味いかと答えたという説話にもとづき、賢くなるようにと、これを部屋にかざつたものです。
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Here is another important HP with many old Fushimi dolls.
古い伏見人形がたくさんあるHPです。
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~SA9S-HND/agal-945-1.html
A HP with pictures of some Fushimi dolls from the Meiji period.
明治時代の伏見人形です。
http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/index.htm
伏見人形は土人形のふるさとと言われ、古くから日本各地の多くの人々に親しまれてきました。日本各地の土人形・郷土玩具の原型となったのです。（伏見人形は、稲荷人形・深草人形・伏見焼・深草焼・稲荷焼ともいわれています。）
Click on any of the red underlined buttons to see more clay dolls from
Japan.
http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/enkaku.htm
(日本語)
On the follwing HP you can enjoy a great collection of Fushimi dolls.
Click on any doll to see this one and some more of its kind on a following
page.
Here is an example of a famous Kabuki doll of Danjuuroo the 7th. And an
old doll of a festival drummer on the right.
伏見人形がたくさんあるHPです。歌舞伎の団十郎やお祭りの太鼓もあります。
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http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/ningyo.htm
Some exhibitions and shops to find out more about these Fushimi dolls.
伏見人形に関するお店と展示会があります。
http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/miru.htm
Fushimi dolls for the spring festivals, some where
shown above.
春祭りの伏見人形です。
http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~hushimi/gogatu.htm
Some Fushimi dolls in the
form of Tenjin Sama, the God of the Learned.
天神様の伏見人形です。
http://www4.ocn.ne.jp/~tenjin/pages/tenjins/kinki/fushimi.html
http://plaza.across.or.jp/~sahara/kaisi/kaisi83.htm
Here is a firefighter, waiting
to be sold.
消防士です。
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http://www.the-kura.com/items/66520/item66520store.html
http://www.maruyama.gr.jp/FootandToy/event/2002/200204/07.htm
There is even a telephone card with Fushimi dolls and cards with other clay dolls from Kihata.
伏見人形や滋賀県の木幡土人形のテレフォンカードもあります。
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http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad/6436/page9a.html#kihata
Fushimi Papermachee Daruma, Fushimi Hariko Daruma 伏見張子達磨
There was also a tradition of papermachee dolls in Fushimi, starting in the Meiji period and lasting for three generations. They were quite unique dolls and many different Daruma figures were produced, for example Daruma with a headband in many different sizes, Daruma streaching out his tounge, Daruma yawning, Daruma as a fox or a soldier and others. Unfortunately I do not have any pictures of these Daruma but if YOU have any, please share them with us.
伏見張子の一種はだるまであったが明治時代から三代に渡ってつくられました。だるまの種類もいっぱいあって、たとえば鉢巻だるま、舌出しだるま、あくびだるま、兵隊だるまなどなど。実物がございましたら、ぜひ教えてください。
Daruma or Bukan? 達磨か豊干か
Now we come to an interesting clay figure of my collection. Here is a
priest in an orange robe on a tiger, which I bought as a Daruma, but as
I learned from this HP, it may be not Daruma but Bukan. Another book about
antiques shows this doll as a "Daruma riding a Tiger". So let
us look at who was Bukan, before we decide.
虎乗達磨という説もありますが豊干が虎に乗るの方が正しいでしょう。次の議論があります。
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虎に乗っているのは中国の禅僧豊干（ぶかん）。この虎は、豊干の徳に感じて虎まで修行の手伝いをしたという伝説に基づき作られた。大西 重太郎 作
http://www.tora-ya.co.jp/kyoto.htm
Bukan's name in Chinese is Feng-Kan and this Zen eccentric is maybe best
known from the picture of the "Four Sleepers", Feng-Kan leaning
on his tiger together with Han-shan and Shih-Te (Kanzan, Jittoku in Japanese).
This picture is generally interpreted as symbolizing the absolute tranquillity
of the universe for those who have attained Enlightenment. Bukan being
in full controll of the tiger also signifies a human being in full control
of its passions and emotions.
Have a look at this famous Zen picture right here. It has long been one
of my favorites, and now there it is for you.
http://www.coldbacon.com/foursleepers.html
Read a poem about it by Shao-mu of the Hsiang-fu.
http://wso.williams.edu/~wmanuel/china/four.html
Here are more pictures of Zenmaster Bukan Zenji with his tiger.
http://www.fukuoka-art-museum.jp/english/ec/html/ec03/01/bukan.html
http://www.fsinet.or.jp/~ttstudio/hof-02.html
http://www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dm2k-umdb/publish_db/books/collection1/tenji_kaiga_48.html
(Nr. 48-1 and 48-2)
http://vandyck.anu.edu.au/work/teach/context/www.colby.edu/art/AsianArt/images/japan2/7.gif
Since Bukan liked to ride his tiger around the monastery to shock other
simpler folks, I guess the doll is indeed Bukan and not Daruma. But whoever
he is, it's a beautifully made piece of folk art and a great item of my
collection. The face of the tiger is just unique.
素晴らしい土人形には違いありませんので、達磨さんであろう、豊干さんであろう、コレクションの大事な仲間です。
Read more about Shi-Te and poems by Han-Shan here. Shi-te was the close
companion of Han-shan, legendary Chinese poet of the T'ang Dynasty who
lived on a peak in the T'ien-t'ai Mountains. Shih-Te lived in Kuo-ch'ing,
a nearby Buddhist-Taoist monastery. Lost, abandoned or orphaned as a young
boy, Shih-Te was brought to the monastery by Feng-kan (our Bukan in Japanese),
another resident monk, who had found him.
http://www.hundredmountain.com/Pages/poetry_pages/fall01_ninepoems.html
Finally let us look at one papermachee Daruma with a lot of red Torii
gates painted in oil on his belly, made for a special event for the Fox
god. You can even order him online on the HP below.
このダルマのお腹に描かれた油絵の稲荷大明神は五穀豊穣、商売繁盛、生業繁栄、厄除招福の神として、おやしろは全国に三万五千社以上在り,その崇敬者は実に一千万人以上とも云われています。
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gokuraku@po.harenet.ne.jp
